Design and fabrication of advanced functional materials for electrochemical energy storage has gathered much attention to overcome the rising energy demand. Among the electrochemical energy storage systems, supercapacitor has high power density and widely used as a stand-alone device or hybrid with other energy storage devices. Porous high surface area activated carbon, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxides/hydroxide/sulphide, and 2D nanostructures such as graphene, MXene, double hydroxides have been extensively used for electrochemical supercapacitor applications owing to their high surface area, and highly reversible redox properties. It is also interesting to develop carbon-based nanocomposite materials with different pore size/volume, and nanostructured architectures for improved performance in supercapacitors. Based on the practical response by different electrode materials, it is believed that presence of both mesopores and micropores are essential for high specific capacitance. Indeed, the electrolytes plays major role on determining the specific capacitance of supercapacitor electrodes due to their limitations in operational window, stability and conductivity. Herein, the preparation of different carbon, MXene and MXene-based electrode materials nanoarchitectonics and its performance evaluation in symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor will be discussed. Further, the fabrication of 2.7 V, 100 F supercapacitor device using the inhouse developed electrode material will be demonstrated for practical use