Leah halide perovskites have emerged as a highly promising and cost-effective class of semiconductor materials for next-generation photoluminescent, electroluminescent, and photovoltaic devices. These materials exhibit exceptional optical properties, including a high optical absorption coefficient and narrow-band bright photoluminescence. Moreover, their tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy, and long-range carrier diffusion distinguish them as superior alternatives to classical semiconductors like chalcogenides quantum dots. The simplicity of synthesizing high-quality films, single crystals, nanocrystals, and quantum dots of perovskites has piqued the interest of researchers, motivating the development of novel perovskite materials with unique optoelectronic properties for optical and photovoltaic applications. This talk delves into recent advancements in lead halide perovskite across various forms. Firstly, the insights into the structure of perovskites and subsequently explore their optical properties from the perspectives of charge carrier or exciton confinement and transport. Then, the highlights of emerging applications of perovskites in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers, underscoring their potential in revolutionizing these fields. Furthermore, we address the ongoing challenges in the realm of perovskite research, offering insights into future directions for harnessing the full potential of these remarkable materials.