Our scientific approach is based on biomimicry, as we engineer synthetic mimics of natural macromolecules (such as proteins or glycoproteins), and explore their controlled and tunable self-assembly to form self-assembled structures similar to those found in nature (such as virus or cell membranes). In this context, we develop polymer-based self-assembled nanoparticles, mostly polymeric vesicles, also named polymersomes, with high loading content of active pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., anticancer drugs, peptides, proteins) and targeting ability. Our expertise includes the synthesis of precise, biocompatible polymers such as polypeptides (by chemical synthesis or recombinant DNA technology), polysaccharides, and polypeptide-polysaccharide conjugates. We present here an overview of the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers developed in our laboratory, focusing polymersomes, and their contribution in nanomedicine. We pay particular attention to block copolymer vesicles based on polysaccharides, polypeptides and proteins and report here an overview on the design of Elastin Like Polypeptides (ELPs) based conjugates and their applications in nanomedicine, biomaterials and artificial cells. We pay special attention to their modification with saccharides [1], polysaccharides [2] and lipids [3], aiming at mimicking both the structure and functionality of glycoproteins and lipoproteins. We developed synthetic strategies for the design of glycosylated polypeptides and polysaccharide-polypeptide biohybrids with controlled placement of sugar functionality. The ability of these systems for different biomedical applications, from bioprinting, drug-delivery [4] to inhibitor, will be presented [5]. In addition, the design of a new class of lipoproteins based on ELPs with unique thermo-responsive character will be proposed. These biosynthetic lipoproteins can self-assemble into lipopolymersomes, with tunable membrane permeability, opening avenues in drug delivery and artificial cell design [3]. Finally, our most recent advances in the design of complex, compartmentalized and functional artificial cells will be presented. Such a system is a first step towards the challenge of structural cell mimicry and functionality, and could act in the future as an autonomous artificial cell capable of detecting and healing in situ any biological deregulation [6-8].