The activation and transformation of small, energy-relevant molecules such as O2, NOx, and CO2 remain central challenge in catalysis, with implications for energy storage, environmental remediation, and sustainable chemical synthesis. Our research integrates bioinorganic chemistry, spectroscopy, and materials science to uncover the mechanistic principles underlying electro- and photocatalytic function across diverse systems: from synthetic porphyrins to heterogeneous materials. My early work focused on the design and synthesis of porphyrin-based catalysts for O2, NO, and CO2 reduction, revealing structure–reactivity relationships through spectroscopic and electrochemical studies.1 As a postdoctoral researcher, I expanded into photo- and electrochemical CO2 reduction, applying time-resolved, in-situ, and ex-situ spectroscopic techniques to elucidate catalytic pathways.2 More recently, I have investigated heterogeneous materials-such as carbon nitrides; using multinuclear solid-state NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and highresolution microscopy (HAADF-STEM) to identify the surface-sites and probe atomic-level structure.3 Currently, I am exploring NOx reduction through a biomimetic lens, developing synthetic enzyme models and hybrid molecular/material systems to achieve selective, sustainable reactivity. This evolving body of work reflects a central goal: to develop catalysts that combine the precision of molecular design with the durability and scalability of extended materials.